{"id":53822,"date":"2025-01-30T15:36:47","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T14:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/?p=53822"},"modified":"2025-01-30T15:50:42","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T14:50:42","slug":"from-open-access-to-collective-governance-two-decades-of-digital-commons-policies-in-the-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/2025\/01\/30\/from-open-access-to-collective-governance-two-decades-of-digital-commons-policies-in-the-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"<p>Du libre acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la gouvernance collective: Deux d\u00e9cennies de politiques communes num\u00e9riques dans l\u2019UE<\/p>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong><em>Document de recherche<\/em><\/strong><p>\u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 l\u2019UE cherche \u00e0 red\u00e9finir sa strat\u00e9gie industrielle, la pr\u00e9sente publication donne un aper\u00e7u des politiques qui ont soutenu Digital Commons au cours des 20 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Contrairement aux \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes qui ont examin\u00e9 des sous-ensembles de Commons num\u00e9riques, tels que les logiciels libres (OSS) ou les donn\u00e9es ouvertes, le pr\u00e9sent rapport offre une perspective globale. Il int\u00e8gre diverses ressources et initiatives dans le cadre plus large des communes num\u00e9riques, en pr\u00e9sentant une vue d\u2019ensemble de l\u2019\u00e9volution de ces politiques.<\/p><p>Alors que l\u2019Europe est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques, \u00e0 la menace de sanctions \u00e9conomiques et \u00e0 l\u2019ing\u00e9rence politique, la garantie de la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique est devenue un d\u00e9fi central pour la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9gion et l\u2019avenir de sa d\u00e9mocratie. Cette urgence, mise en \u00e9vidence par <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/strengthening-european-competitiveness\/eu-competitiveness-looking-ahead_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mario<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/strengthening-european-competitiveness\/eu-competitiveness-looking-ahead_en\"> Rapport alarmiste de Draghi?<\/a>, est \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 par la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un nouveau portefeuille pour Henna Virkkunen, <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/about\/organisation\/college-commissioners\/henna-virkkunen_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Commissaire \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 technologique, \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie<\/a>, refl\u00e9tant la convergence croissante de ces questions.<\/p><p>Le pr\u00e9sent rapport, une contribution au <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Projet NGI Commons<\/a>, vise \u00e0 soutenir l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un programme strat\u00e9gique pour les investissements dans les communs num\u00e9riques. Situ\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019intersection des d\u00e9fis actuels de l\u2019UE, les communs num\u00e9riques et les infrastructures num\u00e9riques publiques r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 la fois au besoin de recherche et d\u2019innovation pour parvenir \u00e0 un rattrapage technologique et \u00e0 l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif d\u2019autonomie, \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9finir et de fa\u00e7onner collectivement la trajectoire technologique de l\u2019Europe. Le rapport illustre un changement important de politique au sein de l\u2019UE au cours des deux derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies. Dans un premier temps, les efforts se sont concentr\u00e9s sur le libre acc\u00e8s, en mettant l\u2019accent sur la transparence et la libre circulation des connaissances, des donn\u00e9es et des logiciels afin de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des avantages \u00e9conomiques et soci\u00e9taux. Les administrations publiques ont adopt\u00e9 le guichet unique afin de moderniser les op\u00e9rations, de r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts et de renforcer la transparence. Toutefois, au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, les priorit\u00e9s strat\u00e9giques ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 pour aborder la gouvernance et la gestion collective des infrastructures num\u00e9riques, sous l\u2019effet des pr\u00e9occupations relatives \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique et de la domination croissante de quelques plateformes mondiales. Le rapport souligne la lenteur de l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019OSS dans les strat\u00e9gies industrielles en Europe, en s\u2019alignant sur les tendances mondiales dans des r\u00e9gions telles que l\u2019Asie, et met en \u00e9vidence des cadres de gouvernance innovants qui mettent l\u2019accent sur la coop\u00e9ration public-priv\u00e9. Face aux d\u00e9fis urgents et aux ressources publiques limit\u00e9es, ces politiques soulignent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019exploiter le potentiel des communs num\u00e9riques pour construire des infrastructures num\u00e9riques publiques.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Le rapport conclut en formulant les recommandations suivantes pour les politiques futures:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Int\u00e9grer les communes num\u00e9riques dans les politiques europ\u00e9ennes<\/strong>: Int\u00e9grer la culture et les pratiques des communes num\u00e9riques dans l\u2019ensemble des \u00c9tats membres et les aligner sur les cadres d\u2019action et les indicateurs existants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Investir dans les technologies et les institutions qui les soutiennent<\/strong>: Soutenir \u00e0 la fois les fondements technologiques et les structures de gouvernance n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la viabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme des communes num\u00e9riques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accro\u00eetre l\u2019impact en augmentant le soutien financier et en mettant en commun les ressources<\/strong>: Rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 la fragmentation par l\u2019int\u00e9gration des ressources et encourager la collaboration entre les \u00c9tats membres et les parties prenantes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mobiliser les communes num\u00e9riques pour r\u00e9aliser la transition \u00e9cologique<\/strong>: Aligner strat\u00e9giquement les communes num\u00e9riques sur les politiques environnementales afin de favoriser l\u2019innovation dans les technologies et les syst\u00e8mes durables.<\/li>\n<\/ul><style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id53822_190f79-0c{margin-bottom:30px;}.kb-row-layout-id53822_190f79-0c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:center;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id53822_190f79-0c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:center;}.kb-row-layout-id53822_190f79-0c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 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class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column53822_90456c-74\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-5-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90dec06dd04768636e5034aeeca873b0\">Du libre acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la gouvernance collective: Deux d\u00e9cennies de politiques communes num\u00e9riques dans l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne<\/h5>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-left:0px solid var(--global-palette5, #4A5568);}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column53822_4ef544-6b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 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.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn53822_2041fb-ab.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette2, #2B6CB0);}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn53822_2041fb-ab kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill  kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true  wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/openfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/250129_FromOpenAccesstoCollectiveGovernance.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_externalLink kt-btn-icon-side-left\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M18 13v6a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V8a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6\"><\/path><polyline points=\"15 3 21 3 21 9\"><\/polyline><line x1=\"10\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"3\"><\/line><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">LIRE LA PUBLICATION<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Le texte du pr\u00e9sent document se fonde sur un rapport pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la Commission europ\u00e9enne comme \u00e9l\u00e9ment livrable du <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Projet NGI Commons<\/em><\/a><em>. Cette version pr\u00e9liminaire est publi\u00e9e en tant que contribution aux discussions en cours. L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment livrable officiel sera mis \u00e0 disposition sur le site web NGI Commons une fois qu\u2019il aura \u00e9t\u00e9 formellement accept\u00e9.<\/em><\/p><p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Le projet NGI Commons (Open Source and Internet Commons for Europe? s Digital Sovereignty) est financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne? s<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu\/funding\/funding-opportunities\/funding-programmes-and-open-calls\/horizon-europe_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em> Programme de recherche et d\u2019innovation \u00abHorizon Europe\u00bb<\/em><\/a><em> dans le cadre de la convention de subvention no 101135279. Ces travaux ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un financement de la <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sbfi.admin.ch\/sbfi\/en\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Secr\u00e9tariat d\u2019\u00c9tat suisse \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, \u00e0 la recherche et \u00e0 l\u2019innovation (SERI)<\/em><\/a><em>. Les points de vue et opinions exprim\u00e9s ne sont toutefois que ceux de leur (s) auteur (s) et ne refl\u00e8tent pas n\u00e9cessairement ceux de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. Ni l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne ni l\u2019autorit\u00e9 charg\u00e9e de l\u2019octroi ne peuvent en \u00eatre tenues pour responsables.<\/em><\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/openfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/250129_FromOpenAccesstoCollectiveGovernance.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"627\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/NGICommons_FromOpenAccesstoCollectiveGovernance.jpg\" alt=\"NGI Commons \u2014 De l\u2019acc\u00e8s ouvert \u00e0 la gouvernance collective: Deux d\u00e9cennies de politiques communes num\u00e9riques dans l\u2019UE\" class=\"wp-image-53825\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/NGICommons_FromOpenAccesstoCollectiveGovernance.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/NGICommons_FromOpenAccesstoCollectiveGovernance-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/NGICommons_FromOpenAccesstoCollectiveGovernance-1024x535.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.ngi.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/NGICommons_FromOpenAccesstoCollectiveGovernance-768x401.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\"><\/a><\/figure><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 l\u2019UE cherche \u00e0 red\u00e9finir sa strat\u00e9gie industrielle, la pr\u00e9sente publication donne un aper\u00e7u des politiques qui ont soutenu Digital Commons au cours des 20 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Contrairement aux \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes qui ont examin\u00e9 des sous-ensembles de Commons num\u00e9riques, tels que les logiciels libres (OSS) ou les donn\u00e9es ouvertes, le pr\u00e9sent rapport offre une perspective globale.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53823,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[592,593,586,604],"class_list":["post-53822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-digital-commons","tag-internet-commons","tag-ngi-commons","tag-public-digital-infrastructures"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>From Open Access to Collective Governance: Two Decades of Digital Commons Policies in the EU - NGI Commons<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"At a time when the EU seeks to redefine its industrial strategy, this publication provides insights into the policies that have supported Digital Commons over the past 20 years. 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