NGI Commons - From Open Access to Collective Governance: Two Decades of Digital Commons Policies in the EU

From Open Access to Collective Governance: Two Decades of Digital Commons Policies in the EU

At a time when the EU seeks to redefine its industrial strategy, this publication provides insights into the policies that have supported Digital Commons over the past 20 years. Unlike previous studies that have examined subsets of Digital Commons, such as open source software (OSS) or Open Data, this report offers a holistic perspective.

NGI Commons - Digital Commons as Providers of Public Digital Infrastructures

Digital Commons as Providers of Public Digital Infrastructures

The concept of the Digital Commons describes a wide array of digital systems and solutions that are owned, developed, and maintained by groups rather than by single individuals or entities. Unlike businesses or state institutions, these groups coordinate not through pricing or subordination but through peer collaboration.